Oral Cancer Analysis Using Tongue Image Essay - 1317 Words

Here, the Fig 3(b) Patient with Oral Cancer. Diseases caused by excessive use of tobacco and alcohol consumption leads to the difference in tongue color. Thus tongue can be characterized with different assesses. More detailed study on the causes of the cancer can be done in the ref([7],[9]). The common assessments of the tongue can be detailed as follows Fig 2: Tongue with different shape characteristics Width: A wide tongue on the whole shows a composed physical and mental character. A lack of physical flexibility with noticeable strengths and weaknesses is depicted by the narrowness of a tongue. They may be very sharp thinkers but usually have a narrow view or opinion. A generally loose and expanded physical†¦show more content†¦Blue or purple color suggests the stagnation of blood circulation and a grave fading of the part of the digestive system that is connected to the zone of the tongue. Internal conditions can be understood by analyzing the color on the underneath of the tongue. As a summary, the colors and surplus of a white patch or a red patch on the soft tongue tissues designates a fading of the immune capacity of the blood vessels and shows that the patient is suffering from oral cancer. More detailed study about the characteristics can be done in ref[8]. Fig 3:(a)Normal Tongue, (b) Diseased Tongue Image Segmentation The usual technique is to find points on the floor of the target image, which is used as the base of image, and then to give an initial two-dimensional curve and make it astringe to the edge of the target according to dynamics mechanism. This approach is appropriate when the general form of the target is fixed. But human tongue is not always flat when it is extended out of the mouth. There will be some variations in the forms and therefore it is not suitable for this algorithm. We adopt the component H (Hue) and V (Value) of HSV space to decide the initial position of tongue. Then level set algorithm technique is implemented to obtain the better segmentation results. Fig 4:Region of interest to diagnose theShow MoreRelatedAnti Tumor Effect On Tongue Cancer Using Animal Model Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesAnti-tumor effect of Streblus asper extracts on tongue cancer using animal model OBJECTIVE: 1) To determine the effectiveness of Streblus asper extracts in the rat tongue cancer epithelium cells via the induction of apoptosis. 2) To identify the actual proteins responsible for the tongue cancer chemopreventive activity of Streblus asper extracts, especially the ERK  ½, caspases, and Bcl-2 family together with the proteins related to the cells proliferative activity such as Ki-67, PCNA, cyclin D1Read MoreWhat Protective Effect Of Α -lipoic Acid ( La ) Against Oxidative Stress And Apoptosis1696 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis have been implicated in Methotrexate (MTX)- induced oral mucositis that limits its clinical use. The present study was conducted to investigate the conceivable protective effect of ÃŽ ±-lipoic acid (LA) against MTX induced toxicity on both buccal and lingual mucosae. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups; control treated with normal saline, MTX-treated group subjected to single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.)Read MoreNursing : Nursing And Nursing1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthat medical and nursing care needs take priority over other personal and, perhaps undeclared, needs of the person receiving care.Looking good is feeling good. Seniors who make sure their hair, nails and skin are in good condition present a positive image to the world. Confidence and positive opinion go toward a better mental outlook. Good mental health is the difference between living and living well. Health and Hygiene go hand in hand and are equally important at any age. Seniors face a double whammyRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 PagesThe answered questionnaire shows that she is suffering from severe cirrhosis. 5 The problem that can be anticipated in the routine dental therapy is A. B. C. D. E. Extreme susceptibility to pain Tendency towards prolonged haemorrhage Recurring oral infection Increased tendency to syncope Difficulty in achieving adequate local anaesthesia 28. Loss of sensation in the lower lip may be produced by A. B. C. D. E. Bell’s palsy Traumatic bone cyst Trigeminal neuralgia Fracture in the mandible firstRead MoreMongo Betis Narrative in The Poor Christ of Bomba is the Nativity of Postcolonialism4296 Words   |  18 Pagescolonized, whereas the colonized and its following generations still are dealing with the results of such humiliations and dominations impacted by colonialism. Perhaps to understand some of the effects of postcolonialism a reader should have a textual analysis of colonialism itself. In the book, The Poor Christ of Bomba, the author, Mongo Beti uses narration to tell a story that takes the reader inside the mind of a fourteen year old who finds himself in a situation beyond his control. The characterizationRead MoreThe Growth Of Bacteria Known As Citrobacter Freundii As Well As Distinguishing Antibiotics Effects Its Growth4043 Words   |  17 PagesAn investigation found that the four cases of infection are the result of medical conditions which supress the immune system and have consequently triggered infections of Citrobacter Freundii. The first patient is a 46 year old male suffering from cancer and currently undergoing chemotherapy, the second patient is an 94 year old female suffering from her fourth infection within a month, the third is a 31 year old female that has undergone a kidney transplant and the fourth patient is a 17 year oldRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesContents of the Picatrix III. 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An echocardiogram can help identify whether an area of your heart has been damaged by a heart attack and isn t pumping normally. Chest X-ray.  An X-ray image of your chest allows yourRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pageshigh-quality programs include purposeful teaching to help children gain knowledge and skills. With regard to the visual and performing arts, physical development, and health foundations in this volume, children can demonstrate their knowledge and skills using any language or, for most of the foundations, through nonverbal means. Many children effectively apply their often more-advanced ability in their home language to understand, for example, art, music, drama, and dance concepts; movement concepts;Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesagencies such as newspapers, periodicals, radio, television. And also methods of advertising in the chapter of sixth (television, newspapers, brochures, direct mail, radio, internet and so on). In the seventh chapter it is considered features of the using linguistic devices in advertising texts with functional expressive features, stylistic devices, syntactic and stylistic features. The eighth chapter introduces the role of parentheses insertion as additional information. Very important advertising

The Results of World War 1 - 3349 Words

The Great War 1914-1918 was universally destructive. The effects of these were seen in many areas, as in the destruction of human life and property, and in the political, social and economic fields. The evolution of capitalism and progress in the scientific spheres were also important consequences. It is estimated that in the four years of war, some eighty lakhs of people were killed and as many wounded. Some 8-10 lakh people were reported missing. In most countries, after this Great War, monarchy came to an end. Democratic Governments were established in these countries. The authorities recognized the people s rights. Lot money was spent in this war. After the Great War, the prices of articles went up. Starvation stalked the world.†¦show more content†¦Except for the German and British armed forces, they had only cosmetic changes since the time of Napoleon; even the French went into combat in 1914 dressed in blue tunics and red trousers like the soldiers of a hundred years before.In 1914, there was a total lack of serious issues on which, it would seem, most of the world could go to war. Any jockeying for influence was of the sort that could be handled by normal negotiations, there was no real competition for resources because the world was less industrialised and there was a far lesser pressure of population, and the intricate web of alliances were thought to have kept the peace in Europe for the unprecedented period of forty years.So why should the nations go to war? Who would ever have thought it?The web of alliancesActually, the web of alliances meant that Europe was a tinderbox on th e verge of being set alight. The slightest spark could set off a conflagration, and it would have required cool heads and firm diplomacy to avoid a European war. Unfortunately, not only were cool heads and firm diplomacy lacking, the rulers of the continent seemed eager, or even anxious to jump into a conflict - for no reason that one can thinkShow MoreRelatedResults of World War 1772 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I - Results The First World War â€Å"ended† in 1918 in November, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed to create an armistice. Though this treaty became active on that day for Western Europe, this treaty did not take effect in Eastern Europe until up to mid-1920s. Political, cultural, and social order was changed immensely in Europe, Asia, and Africa, even countries not directly in the war. As a result of the damages from the war, many new countries were formed. 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However, thereRead Moreâ€Å"the First World War Did Not Arise Primarily as a Result of Planned German Aggression† How Far Do You Agree with This Opinion?1290 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The First World War did not arise primarily as a result of planned German aggression† How far do you agree with this opinion? Explain your answer, using sources 1, 2 and 3 and your own knowledge of the issues related to this controversy. There has been some controversy as to what or who was to blame for the outbreak of the First World War. Some people have taken the opinion that the war arose as a result of â€Å"planned German aggression† such as sources two and three, whereas source one is of the

Racial Crimial Profiling Free Essays

RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING An Assessment of RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING 1 As many issues and concerns arise in our everyday lives, it is often difficult to overlook many of the horrific and tragic situations of today’s law enforcement. Regardless of what profession you may be in there are always ways to make improvements to it. A few of the future and emerging issues that I feel that leaders in the criminal justice system need to address are racial profiling and criminal profiling which each can create a mistrust within a department and violate the civil liberties of citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Crimial Profiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now When events such as these begin to surface in the media and within our communities, questions begin to arise about the tendencies of our police agencies. Racial profiling or racially biased form of policing (especially recently in the United States), is any police action initiated on the mere basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect. This is a form of discrimination that is used to target the ethnic, minority communities. Profiling in law enforcement occurs when government agencies and officials decide to investigate a person on suspicion, and the detained suspect committed an illegal offense, based solely on their ethnicity and racial identity. Arrest should be determined and made on the behavior of that individual or on information that leads police to a particular individual that has been identified as being, or having been engaged in some type of criminal activity. Racial profiling was an issue that arose over 40 years ago and has resurfaced as a bigoted practice unworthy of the law enforcement professional. It has been and should continue to be widely condemned as contrary to the basic ethical principles. Furthermore, such particular type of action weakens the public’s confidence in the police, thus decreasing police – citizen trust and cooperation. Racial or ethnic indicators associated with a particular suspect or suspected groups may have place in legitimate law enforcement strategies if they accurately relate to the offenders who are being sought for criminal law violations. The example I chose to support my information about racial profiling is RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING 2 the incident that surrounded the African-American Harvard Professor, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , who was arrested at his home by a white police officer. It was in an upscale community and neighbor observed two black males on the porch; she assumed they were burglars and proceeded to notify the authorities. A white officer came to the home of Mr. Gates who had recently returned from a trip from China, who questioned and then arrested him. He later realized that the Professor was the homeowner and was behaving suspiciously because he was frustrated and fatigue because he could not immediately locate his keys once he arrived at his home from his trip. This was clearly racial profiling and the professor â€Å"fit the profile of a thug†, but he was in did not the picture of being prestigious enough to reside in such an upscale resident also. Hopefully someday society and law enforcement will not judge a person by the color of their skin when making arrest within our communities. It is often difficult not to revert back to what we have seen on the various criminal-investigative shows when we discuss certain issues with our colleagues, but actual investigators would not use that type of protocol to jeopardize their cases. Criminal profiling should consist of an analogy used by the police while on a scene combined with the details gathered to form an overall conceptual finding of a perpetrator. This is not a concrete method of capturing a criminal, but it will certainly narrow down the persons of interest that are being pursued. It will also assist to develop some form of similarities between the various crimes that may be occurring in a particular area, the time the incidents are occurring may be a factor, as well as the specific victim being targeted in the situations. Some may not think that this may not be of any importance, but I know that this form of profiling could be essential if it is used properly because the criminal often â€Å"gets sloppy and let’s their guard down† and normally this is when they are RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING 3 pprehended. Investigators who deal with violent crime are somewhat experienced with criminal profiling and are behavioral psychologists whose sole job is to profile the criminal mind. â€Å"For example, one of the purposes of the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit is criminal profiling, and they employ agents who are considered experts at understanding and predicting the minds and behavior of these criminals. The BSU within the FBI is also responsibl e and accountable for training new agents and researching criminal behavior. It is imperative that all involved are mindful that criminal profiling should not be used solely to identify and capture criminals. In case, you might have twelve or more suspects who â€Å"profile† are all alike, which means that other investigative techniques must be used to identify the real executor. As a matter of fact, to investigate a horrendous crime, is hard and strenuous work. Criminal profiling provides assistance to the detectives with understanding the modus operandi, or the motivation and the habits of brutal killers and sex offenders. There are four individual areas of investigation that criminal profiling uses and they are antecedent, method, disposal and post offense areas. These areas range from what caused the offender to initially commit the crime, what type of violence was used with each crime, what did he do with the victims afterwards, and how should to how their behavior should ultimately be observed. Three names are well-known in Canada for the atrocious crimes each of them committed, Clifford  Olson, Paul  Bernardo and Robert  Pickton. Olson raped and murdered 11  young boys and girls before he was apprehended. Bernardo raped at least 18  young women but wasn’t caught until he murdered three more. Pickton has been found guilty for the murder of 26  women, but claims to have killed  49. There were signs and similarities that linked the victims and the individuals responsible together. Serial criminals often follow a certain victim guideline RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING 4 and pursue specific fantasies or rituals with their victims. Police forces long have recognized that serial criminals tend to follow patterns, use particular weapons or methods, and target similar victims† (Dept of Justice, Canada, 2011). In my opinion, I don’t think it is even possible to ever know why some individuals are wired the way they are; it is and will always be a mystery to why certain crimes are committed. RACIAL AND CRIMINAL PROFILING 6 References http://criminal. lawyers. com/Criminal-Law-Basics/The-Criminal-Profiling-Process. html http://www. victimsofviolence. on. ca/rev2/index. php? option=com_content=view=336=26 How to cite Racial Crimial Profiling, Papers

Skills Development of Infants-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Parenting Style on Skills Development in Infants. Answer: Effect of Parenting Style on Skills Development to Infants Early childhood is a rapid stage of development in ones life. Despite the fact that each child develops at a varying pace, they all go through an identifiable sequence of physical, emotional and cognitive changes. Parenting style determines the architecture of the developing brain. Parenting style refers to the attitudes and behavior of the parents and these forms the general emotional climate developed within the family. The paper will focus on the various types of parenting styles and the likely effect on a child. Authoritative parenting expects a child to conform to values and obey them without questioning. Such parenting imposes too much structure with too little communication. Children under authoritarian parenting are likely to be rebellious, anxious though with lack of intellectual curiosity, always unhappy, develop low self-esteem and are hostile to others when frustrated (Hart, Newell, and Olsen, 2003, p.760). Authoritarian parent discourages independence and individuality to the kids. While with their parents, children feel insecure and there is a likelihood of breaking out through misbehaving when away from moms and dads (Barber et al., 2005, p.147). However, these children are in a better position to perform in academics because they learn to be assertive and self-regulating. Permissive parenting, on the other hand, raises the children without. Lack of boundaries makes it hard for children to manage their behavior. Leniency and the warm responsiveness of the parent negatively affects childs discipline. With regard to cognitive development, children will likely perform poorly in school as they lack responsibility and commitment in whatever they do. They fail to recognize the importance and consequences of their work (Kochanska, and Kim, 2013, p.325). Uninvolved parenting is the other style that heavily impacts the cognitive development of an infant. The parent neglects the demands of the infant; parental warm and responsiveness is non-existence. The child lacks self-esteem and general well-being, they, however, learn to take on responsibilities at a very early stage and are likely to perform better in academics (Aunola et al., 2015, p.1031). From research above, it is clear that parenting affects the skills development of an infant within three main domains; psychological support offered by the parent, social relations and responsiveness and involvement of the parent to the child. Psychological control is very crucial in behavior and emotion development to a child. (Gallagher, 2002, p.631). Good parenting helps a child develop a combination of positive traits both socially and emotionally. He/she should be in a position to develop a healthy relationship with the peer, confident and friendly, handle challenging tasks with persistence, listens to instructions, attentive as well as communicating effectively (Gilliom et al., 2002, p.222). However, all these skills are dependent on parenting style adopted by the parents since infants cognitive development is a function of parenting style adopted by the parents. Process of Doing the Research My answer to the above topic was arrived through research where I consulted different sources and studies done by scholars. Sources came from the university library as well as google books and peer-reviewed journals. The studies I reviewed looked at effects of parenting for both infants and young children. My major concern was on the character traits developed by infants raised under different parenting setting and what they turned out to be in their early childhood. I gathered relevant information and compared with tutorials given in class. However, not every source is to be trusted; I evaluated the credibility of the information by comparing results from various scholars and through bibliographies. My principle of validation was that no result should be so unique to locate anywhere else. To sum it up, I collected preliminary information about the topic, located relevant materials, evaluated the source materials, developed notes and finally prepared the paper. The approach I used in finding the answers to my topic was very effective as I was able to understand the research question with ease holistically, I believe that the answer is clear and holistic too. With this process, I not only found the topic interesting but was able to manage my research. Also, I was able to keep track of my work at all times. With regard to referencing, bibliographies were very important in validating the sources from which I did my research. This way, I was able to come up with Peer-reviewed journals and article and other scholarly materials that would aid in developing the research. For the google books, keywords were used to find relevant materials on the internet while reference system was used to identify resources from the library. Effective researching is a crucial part of my academic and professional life. This research helped me devise strategies that I will use to enhance my future research. Firstly, the dating of the sources is essential. As time goes by, better methods are coming into play, and this has an effect on the accuracy of very old sources. With the improvement in technology each day, studies can be done quickly, effectively without compromising the accuracy of the results. Secondly, a thesis statement helps articulate the research topic. Good research always starts with a clear and concise topic as they are easier to keep track and focused. Bibliography Aunola, K., Ruusunen, A.K., Viljaranta, J. and Nurmi, J.E., 2015. Parental affection and psychological control as mediators between parents depressive symptoms and child distress.Journal of Family Issues,36(8), pp.1022-1042. Barber, B.K., Stolz, H.E., Olsen, J.A., Collins, W.A. and Burchinal, M., 2005. Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method.Monographs of the society for research in child development, pp.i-147. Gallagher, K.C., 2002. Does child temperament moderate the influence of parenting on adjustment?.Developmental Review,22(4), pp.623-643. Gilliom, M., Shaw, D.S., Beck, J.E., Schonberg, M.A. and Lukon, J.L., 2002. Anger regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: Strategies, antecedents, and the development of self-control.Developmental psychology,38(2), p.222. Hart, C.H., Newell, L.D. and Olsen, S.F., 2003. Parenting skills and social-communicative competence in childhood.Handbook of communication and social interaction skills, pp.753-797. Kochanska, G. and Kim, S., 2013. Difficult temperament moderates links between maternal responsiveness and childrens compliance and behavior problems in low?income families.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,54(3), pp.323-332

Health Care Essays - Caregiving, Geriatrics, Health Care

Health Care Healthcare Essay submitted by B. Myers Introduction America has a highly developed health care system, which is available to all people. Although it can be very complex and frustrating at times it has come a long way from the health care organizations of yesterday. Previously most health care facilities were a place where the sick were housed and cared for until death. Physicians rarely practiced in hospitals and only those who were fortunate could afford proper care at home or in private clinics. Today the level of health care has excelled tremendously. Presently the goal of our health care is to have a continuum of care for the patient, one which is integrated on all levels. Many hospitals offer a referral service or discharge plan to patients who are being discharged. Plans for the patient are discussed with a discharge planner. The discharge planner is a person who is trained in assessing what the patient's requirements for health care will be after discharge from the hospital. This enables the patient to continue their care at a level which is most appropriate for them. Items reviewed for discharge planning include but are not limited to therapies, medication needs, living arrangements and identification of specific goals. A few of the options that are available for persons being discharged from an acute care hospital can include home health care, assisted living facilities, long term care or hospice Home Health Care According to Growing Old in America (1996), Home health care is one of the fastest growing segments of the health care industry (p. 114). Alternatives for home care can meet both the medical and non-medical needs of a patient. These services are provided to patients and their families in their home or place of residence. Home care is a method of delivering nursing care and other therapies as required by the patient's needs. Numerous alternatives are available for persons seeking health care at home. With transportable technologies such as durable medical equipment, oxygen supply and intravenous fluids there are countless possibilities for treatment within the home setting. As stated in The Continuum of Long Term Care Home health programs range from formal organizations providing skilled nursing care to relatively informal networks that arrange housekeeping for friends (p. 185). This has allowed for home care to quickly become an essential component of the health c! are delivery syste m in the United States. In a home health care situation the primary care giver is usually not the physician. The physician is communicated with by phone and with documentation from the caregivers. The primary caregivers are usually the nurses and other team members who are involved directly with the patient's care. Although, the original order to begin home care must be initiated by the physician if skilled care is to be obtained. According to the 1995 Guide to Health Insurance for People with Medicare Medicare pays the full cost of medically necessary home health visits by a Medicare-approved home health agency (p. 5). This coverage must meet specific criteria, but it can be a relief to family members to know that their loved ones can be taken care of at home without worrying about the expenses. Unfortunately, if the care to be given within the home is termed not medically necessary the expense is not covered. This can include items such as meal and medication delivery, a percentage of necessary durable medical equipment, personal care and homemaker services. My employment within a home health care agency has allowed for review of services that are not covered by Medicare and/or private insurance. Health care services that are not included can become quite numerous. It is often difficult for family members to understand why specific services are not covered especially when they appear to be necessary for the care of the patient. These costs can add up quite quickly and the impact of the cost can become quite distressing for family members and patients on a limited budget. In these cases a Social Worker is usually provided to help the patient and family explore other avenues which may enable them to cover their health care costs. Assisted Living Assisted living is an arrangement to residents of a facility that enables them to complete certain daily activities

Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay Example

Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay Example Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay Innovations In Health And Social Care Social Work Essay Essay This paper will endeavor to place, comparison and contrast two innovatory alterations which have taken topographic point within Health and Social Care. This paper will discourse the chosen inventions and research them in deepness explicating the thoughts, history and issues environing them. It will concentrate on issues such as drivers for alteration, values and research. It has been hard seeking to make up ones mind on two inventions to discourse within this paper as there are many inventions within Health and Social Care and more and more evolving each twenty-four hours. The two that I have decided to concentrate on are that of Certain Start and valuing people now. The Certain Start programme emerged from the labour authoritiess comprehensive disbursement reappraisal, set up shortly after they came into power in 1997. This involved a comprehensive site reappraisal of authorities sections every bit good as placing six cross cutting reappraisals one of which involved services for immature people. ( www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/surestartprogramme ) Certain Start brings together Childcare and early instruction, wellness and household support services for households with kids under 5 old ages of age. It is the basis of the authoritiess drives to undertake child poorness and societal exclusion working with parents to be, parents, carers and kids to advance the physical, rational and societal development of babes and immature kids so that they can boom at place and at school. Certain Start brings together service suppliers from the statutory sector like Health, Social Services and early instruction every bit good as voluntary, private and community administrations and parents themselves to supply incorporate services for immature kids and their households based on what local kids need and parents want. ( www.dcsf.gov.uk ) The thoughts for Certain Start were developed due to the demands and demands of kids, parents and households. The undermentioned discusses the model about where this invention came from. The 1998 Green Paper run intoing the child care challenge is a historic papers that sets out the national child care scheme. The purpose of the scheme is to guarantee good quality low-cost kid attention for kids aged 0-4 in every vicinity including both formal child care and back uping informal agreements by raising the quality of attention and doing child care more accessible by increasing topographic points and bettering information. In September 2003 Every Child Matters a green paper was published for audience this formed portion of the authoritiess response to the enquiry undertaken into the decease of Victoria Climbie and developed a model for edifice on the success of local Sure Start programmes to beef up preventive services by concentrating on the cardinal subjects. It increased the focal point on back uping households and carers guaranting necessary intercession before kids reach crisis point and purposes to protect kids from falling through the net. It will turn to the implicit in jobs identified in the Victoria Climbie inquiry study of weak answerability and hapless integrating guaranting that the people working with kids are values rewarded and trained. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The green paper besides introduced a positive vision of the results it wished to accomplish. The five results have been identified through audience with kids, immature people and their households. Those that mattered most to the kids were: To be healthy To do a positive part To remain safe To accomplish economic well being To bask and accomplish This audience gave clear indorsement to the authorities programs for extremist and positive alteration for the manner in which statutory, voluntary and community based services respond to identified demands of kids, immature people and their households. ( Every Child Matters ) In December 2006 the National audit office reported on Children s Centres identified a figure of countries for development. The demand to make more to place households with the highest demands and do them cognizant of the services on offer and assist them entree the services. It identified that the usage if effectual schemes were needed to convey services to those households and more needed to be done to better services for male parents, parents of kids with disablements and for cultural minorities in countries with smaller minority populations. More needful to be done to in raising the quality of services and doing them more relevant to the demands of lone parents, teenage parents and cultural minorities in countries with big minority populations. ( www.nao.org.uk ) The Certain start extended schools a child care groups value diverseness and is determined to guarantee that all persons are treated reasonably with self-respect and regard. It recognises the importance of all kids to populate in a diverse, multi cultural society. It is committed excessively: Helping guarantee that all Sure Start attention services promote societal inclusion through a positive start in immature kids s lives. They are unfastened to all adhere excessively and implement equality and inclusion policies processs and patterns. Provide appropriate, relevant and accessible activities. Supply a safe environment and a supportive and welcoming environment. ( Every Child Matters ) Research informs us that better results for kids and their households depend on integrating of cosmopolitan services with targeted and more specialized aid and on conveying services together around the demands of the kid and household. Children and immature people will have progressively personalised attention from wellness services in line with the criterions of section of Health s National Service model for kids, immature people s and pregnancy services recognizing that service bringing within the Certain Start programme needed to be informed by research grounds based and focussed on quality results for kids and their households. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The direction board of Sure Start is made up of local statutory services, community administrations, religion groups and parents it commissioned preparation and support in individual centred attacks, individual centred planning and to develop the construct of household indispensable lifestyle programs. Certain Start uses a individual centred attack this merely means working in a manner that reflects values underpinning individual centred planning. There are besides a figure of practical tools called individual centred approached that offer a different manner of garnering information about what is of import to person, what they want for their hereafter or what support they need. This is really different from typical appraisals. Professionals can utilize individual centred attacks to larn more about the kids and households they support but in a different manner. The chief interest holders of Certain Start are kids under the age of 4, the section of Health and Social services and public safety, parents and administrations statutory or private community or voluntary that work with represent or supply services to kids and their households. An all party group of MP s have been launched to defend the work of Certain start kids s services within parliament. The move is portion of a wider run by Children called Shout Out For A Sure Start, which is backed by Children A ; Young People Now and aims to advance the work of Centres among households every bit good as portion good pattern. ( www.cypnow.co.uk ) As with any new thought there are by and large organizational deductions that come manus in manus as there are with the Sure Start service some of these are: Certain Start takes clip and resources to develop and prolong. Challenges organizational civilization and patterns. Parental engagement in determination devising plants in a figure of ways. Fully grant funded programme To prolong it at that place will necessitate to be dedicated resources and dedicated staff. Approachs to parental engagement demand to be embedded in pattern at each phase of service design and bringing. Approaches need to be stepped, flexible, antiphonal diverse and on traveling. ( www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/ /Report2_09_Lessons_from_Sure_Start.rtf ) The Sure Start service requires professional members of staff that are trained and knowing to assist accomplish their ends. As a Social Worker working within this scene you would necessitate to hold cognition of the function of kids s services cognition of the local area- lodging, background of local occupants, schools and other major services for the country. You would necessitate to be cognizant of the information sharing protocols and the boundaries around confidentiality. Knowledge of how to guarantee your ain personal safety. The restrictions and boundaries of your function so that referrals can be made at the appropriate clip. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/earlyyears/surestart/thesurestartprinciples/principles/ ) The accomplishments the Social Worker would necessitate travel manus in manus with the cognition that is required. The Skills required would be to work sensitively proactively and persistently with households in disputing fortunes. To be able to move as an advocator for the household and to follow up affairs raised both with households and other bureaus. Be able to reflect critically on your pattern and act as an advocator to guarantee safe pattern and instance burden direction. Be able to promote and steer parents/carers to interact positively with their kids. The usage of effectual guidance accomplishments would be good and the demand to be able to pass on and prosecute good with households and kids in both group and one to one scenes is a must. Since its origin, the administration of Certain Start has undergone a figure of displacements. It was ab initio designed around local strategies, which emphasised diverseness and parental engagement ; it so became more centrally organised through Children s Centres offering some combination of child care services, rearing categories, and health care. There have been a figure of jobs with the strategy. Originally, Certain Start programmes were developed in economically deprived countries, but intentionally non targeted specifically at low-income households: the purpose being both to cut down the stigma of such intercessions, and to promote, the trickle-down consequence of good parenting behaviors from middle-class users of Certain Start services. In consequence, this meant that users of the Sure Start services tended to be the wrong people those parents and kids considered to be less in demand of them while the hard to make continued to happen, the excess attending of service suppliers in SSLP countries nerve-racking and intrusive . ( www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/9043/ ) There was besides the job of Certain Start weakness to accomplish its declared ends: so, as NESS found in 2006, the strategy failed to hike pre-schoolers development, linguistic communication and behavior, and it really had an adverse impact on children from comparatively more socially disadvantaged households ( teenage female parents, lone parents, workless families ) . However, these specific jobs were non adequate to discourage policymakers from their belief in the importance of early intercession. The fancy for Certain Start among middle-class users of its services helped to hike its political popularity. Meanwhile, the National Evaluation of Sure Start has produced subsequently findings, from which they conclude that, in fact, children and their households benefited from life in Certain Start Local Programme countries . Valuing people Despite the attempts of some extremely committed staff, public services have failed to do consistent advancement in get the better ofing the societal exclusion of people with learning disablements. ( Department of Health, 2001, p. 19 ) Valuing Peoples Now is a three twelvemonth scheme launched on 19th January 2009, that aims to better the lives of people with larning disablements, and the lives of their households and carers. The white paper called valuing people was a UK authorities enterprise. It is based on the belief that people with learning disablements are people foremost. They have the right to take their lives like any others, with the same chances and duties. It is based on individual centred planning. Valuing Peoples Now work includes: Employment Housing Families Health Workforce Issues Other work: including Advocacy, Hate Crime and making out to Black and cultural communities. Drivers The Valuing Peoples ( White Paper, 2001 ) sets out a clear vision for people with larning disablements to have a broad scope of person-centred supports and services from different administrations, in order to present: enhanced societal inclusion publicity of independency publicity of pick and control enablement of people to bask civil rights and duties equivalent to any other citizen. The cardinal drivers for alteration are: Discrimination Strong-arming Insensitive intervention Bias Health Education Valuing Peoples Now ( January 2008 audience paper ) sets as one of its four chief precedences for farther action What Peoples Do During the Day . Local governments and spouses must be after to enable significantly more people with larning disablements to be able to entree work. ( valuingpeople.gov.uk ) There has been a specific group set up to defend the valuing people now programme called valuing people title-holders this is excessively create Champions in all the council adult societal attention sections and local supplier administrations. The Champions will be in charge of the bringing of Valuing Peoples Now from within that administration or section. So far, the undermentioned administrations have committed to the Champions Programme. Alternate Futures Brothers of Charity Acorn Farm Crossroads Care Westwood Care and Support Community Partners ( KMBC ) ( www.Gov.uk ) A common set of nucleus values and committednesss underpins valuing people now. Independence Citizenship Authorization Social inclusion Respect for diverseness Care and protection for vulnerable people The chief interest holders for this policy are policy shapers, regulators, users, the work force, carers, grownups, practicians and directors ( www.sci.org.uk ) . Since being set up this has had major impact on the manner service is delivered. More people with learning disablements are holding a pick about their lives and more people have individual centred programs More people now have one-year wellness cheques and leading within NHS has improved towards attention for people with larning disablements More people with learning disablements are now populating in places of their ain with support Advanced attacks are being used to guarantee that more people with larning disablements get existent paid occupations Most significantly, nevertheless, has been the realization from all members of the Valuing Peoples Now Team and its stakeholders that for this shared vision to be a success we all need to work together. ( www.valuing people.gov.uk ) The Department of Health launched the Learning Disability Research Initiative. This was a policy related programme of research that sought to committee a scope of research undertakings turn toing issues relevant to the new policies laid out in Valuing Peoples. The undertaking was commissioned by the Department of Health under the Learning Disability Research Initiative. The chief grounds for commissioning the undertaking were that there was, at that clip, no robust grounds either of the impact of presenting valuing people now or of those factors which may either facilitate or hinder the debut and effectivity of valuing people now. The brinies purposes of the undertaking were to: aˆ? Evaluate the impact of the debut of valuing people now on the life experiences of people with larning disablements and the nature and costs of supports provided to people with learning disablements. aˆ? Identify personal, contextual and organizational factors which appear to either facilitate or hinder the debut and effectivity of valuing people now. ( valuing people.gov.uk ) The valuing people rule is a complex invention in larning disablement services necessitating important alterations to set up organizational civilizations and patterns The manner direct attention staff work The relationship between administrations, the users of those services and their households The manner of direction adopted in services The functions played by attention directors in the valuing people procedure The types of services bought utilizing public money Who provides services and perchance in different ways from the yesteryear How services are planned at a strategic degree. The Government set up the Learning Disability Task Force so that they could reexamine the advancement of these Valuing Peoples enterprises in action. They besides put together a Valuing People Support Team that would run on a national graduated table, helping where required. It is thought that although advancement is slower than possibly anticipated, there is now at least some action being taken to turn to the issues faced by people with larning disablements, and the ends remain the same equal rights, egoistic planning and societal inclusion Working as a Social Worker within a learning disablements puting you would necessitate to hold a sound cognition base and accomplishments including: History and context of larning disablement services Communication Relationships Accessing and utilizing information Independence and good being working in partnership with household carers societal inclusion working with people with autism positive behavior support. ( www.ldaf.org.uk ) Valuing people and Certain Start In comparing both these inventions have been proposed by the people for the people. Both inventions have had input from stakeholders to discourse what they want to alter how they want these alterations made and what outcomes they wish to accomplish. Both inventions are set to heighten, better and develop the services for kids and households and people with larning troubles. They have both been developed to do life better for the people working with the people. Both were authorities white documents . The valuing people policy states that the Sure Start invention should hold good entree to quality drama chances including one to one support and quality drama equipment. From this you can see that these two inventions work manus in manus with each other. The valuing people and Certain Start are funded by the local authorities this means that they will both hold to accomplish marks and ends and make the public presentation indexs set. Certain Start is a authorities enterprise aimed at bettering life and early educational opportunities for households populating within the most socially and economically deprived wards within Britain. Person centred planning is a manner of helping people to work out what they want, the support they require and assisting them to acquire it, and is the basis of the authorities s White Paper for people with larning disablements `Valuing Peoples ( Department of Health 2001 ) . The values and rules that underpin individual centred planning are every bit relevant to kids and their households served by Certain Start programmes. Person centred planning has historically been focussed on persons, and at Certain Start they developed individual centred programs that are written with the whole household, called Family Essential Lifestyle Plans. Skilful individual centred be aftering with an person will ever see the individual within the context of their household. However, Family Essential Lifestyle Plans take this a measure farther, recognize what is of import to each household member, and place the support that the kid and each single household member demands. Therefore they are child centred and yet household focussed. Both inventions work towards societal inclusion. Servicess were set up with respect to the differing demands at different ages. Hence Valuing People identified Certain Start as important in aiming services for immature kids. ( www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk ) The Government White Paper Valuing People includes a subdivision on parents with a learning disablement. Support for handicapped parents, including those with learning disablements is patchy and developing. Valuing people and Certain Start demand to be working together to develop this farther and supply sufficient support to those parents with larning troubles to assist them accomplish the best for their kids. What needs to be realised is that both these inventions are every bit of import as each other and to accomplish the best all multi disciplinary squads and bureaus need to convey together both Sure Start and Valuing people and work together to accomplish the results and guarantee all parents, kids immature people and households are socially included and are given the opportunity to make their full potency.

Eliminating Speed Limits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eliminating Speed Limits - Essay Example They claim that the only purpose served by the imposition of speed limits is in terms of revenue generated for the state in terms of fines collected for traffic violations. At the other end of the spectrum, it is argued that speeding is the major cause of road fatalities. "Speeding reduces a driver's ability to steer safely around curves or objects in the roadway, extends the distance necessary to stop a vehicle, and increases the distance a vehicle travels while a driver reacts to a dangerous situation." (NHTSA1). Apart from the reduction in fatalities, environmental concerns are also to be considered while reviewing the need for speed limits. The Slower Speed Initiative (SSI), a UK based program, says, "reducing speed limits is the only single most effective measure to reduce carbon emissionsreduced speed would mean, increased road safety, reduced road danger, fuel consumption, noise and encouragement for walking, cycling and public transport" (SSI). Germany is the only industrialized nation in the world that does not have a speed limit for its motorists on its famed Autobahns. However, stricter laws and stringent enforcement of rules accompany this.

The economic benefits of Sustainability Reports Dissertation

The economic benefits of Sustainability Reports - Dissertation Example The procedure is termed as sustainability report. This feature is developed and used extensively in order for companies to strike a balance between them, the society and the environment (GRI, 2012). The people, planet, and profit are the three elements which are considered while studying the elements of sustainability report. Emphasis is given to the stakeholders rather than the shareholders as they are the ones who are mostly directly or indirectly influenced by the activities or the action of any company. The sustainability reporting provides a platform for communication between the company and the stakeholders. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the use, importance, barriers and the economic benefits of using the sustainability report by a company in the daily practice. This allows the society to understand and judge how well an organization or a company is performing. The need of the hour is to make sustainability report a mandate and common practice to benchmark performance. Sustainability reporting – application within organizations Sustainability refers to the ability of maintaining an outcome over time without causing an ecological imbalance or exhausting the resources on which the result would depend. There are various theories and models of sustainability which are studied and considered. Some of them are the economic, ecological, political models etc (Jenkins, 2009). Sustainability reporting enables a company to communicate openly, positively and effectively with its stakeholders. This is crucial for maintaining and meeting the financial goal or the profitability of the company. The stakeholders, on the basis of the reports, can compare and analyze the performance of the company with others and to check on their own performance. Those organizations, which succeed in tailoring their communication with the stakeholders, to present a detailed analysis can convince them as to the fact that their company is working in tandem with the social, economic and environmental practices for long term growth. The success lies in a clear understanding of the true values of reporting and the issues associated with the making and execution of the sustainability reporting (KPMG, 2008). The management and the senior officers want to get the green label for their company, which is self explanatory by itself, that is it would prove that there is perfect alignment in t he company’s sustainability strategy, the environmental impacts and the social implications, as well. Sustainability reporting has now made its place in almost all sectors of business. Three out of Australia’s four largest banks publish annual sustainability reports (KPMG, 2008). Here, the reporting is considered as TBL (triple-bottom-line) business accountability. People, planet, and profit are taken into consideration while evaluating the reporting practices (vivodepot, 2008). Sustainability reporting involves a series of guidelines or a set of rules and regulations to be followed by the companies. As the aim is to deliver in accordance with the social,

Self Consciousness Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self Consciousness Issues - Essay Example The first question is based on the understanding that the level of memory humans rely upon to recall early events in life operates from about the age of three or four years old. Prior to that, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are not fully developed (Mastin, 2010). If this question, then, is asked of a human, their earliest memory is unlikely to be a recollection from before age three or four. An artificial intelligence machine, however, has working memory activated immediately upon being turned on. I reason that a machine will answer this question with literally their first experience and not with a later one. The second question assumes that machines with artificial intelligence do not experience altered states of consciousness, and therefore do not dream. I suspect they would not be able to describe a dream that would fool me into thinking they are human. I pay attention to my dreams and the dreams of other people, and I have noticed that describing a dream is done in a diffe rent narrative style than describing an ordinary awareness event. Dreams are often fragmentary, have confused chronology, incorporate magically changing imagery, are usually symbolic, may be vague upon recall. Furthermore, AI machines do not experience emotion, so fear would be a foreign experience to them. Even if the machine has been programmed to articulate emotional expression, what a machine would find â€Å"frightening† would no doubt be qualitatively distinct from what a human finds frightening.

Westgate Bridge Collapse Engineering

Westgate Bridge Collapse Engineering The West Gate Bridge fell down on the 15th of October in 1970, it was caused by a few half girders on the west part of the bridge that didnt fit. They attempted to fix this with an unusual method which made the situation worse. The bridge buckled and eventually collapsed. It killed the workers while they were on break and only a few were left alive. Introduction The West Gate Bridge started construction in 1968 and was the second longest bridge in Australia. The building process was going well at first though an unusual method was being used throughout the project. About 2 years into construction, problems began to show. There was an imbalance between several steel girders which made them not fix into position. Some engineers proposed putting 10 concrete blocks which weighed 8 tons individually, on each of the girders to put them into place which caused the bridge to buckle. Background The company Freeman Fox Partners was in charge of build and this was their 20th bridge.Some of their previous works were The Adome Bridge, Humber Bridge, Erskine Bridge, and Forth Road Bridge. The West Gate Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia which spanned over the Yarra River north of Port Phillip and is an important link to the inner city. Investigation For the most part, the investigation was mostly interviewing survivors and explaining what happened. The blame was mostly on the engineer who designed it and the engineers who ordered the concrete blocks. Findings It was found that Ward, aka Freeman Fox Partners were responsible for giving the designs.The bridge was built unevenly and they tried to put concrete blocks on the girders. Their measurements were fixed in the rebuild and there were no problems during the process. Conclusion It was structural engineer fault due to the failure of measuring properly and allowing to fixing the problem with concrete bricks, which resulted in the bridge buckling. The mess was cleaned up almost immediately. The ambulance got the injured, the firefighters put out the fire and the construction crew cleaned up the wreckage and started over. The bridge was reopened to the public in 1978. Notes Camber- is a rate of elevation between two rails Snapped after removing buckle Structural design failure Freeman Fox Partners Second longest bridge in Australia and highest in the country In October 15 1970, The span between piers 10 and 11 collapsed 2,000 Tonne mass plummeted into mud and created an explosion Rescuers risked their lives Girders are large iron or steel beams used in complex structures Unusual method of construction 35 killed, 18 injured Known for jumpers Steel box girder cable-stayed bridge Began construction in 1965 A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers from which cables support the bridge deck Sources https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/wQLmdTVt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Gate_Bridge http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:UccIiYplRh8J:anengineersaspect.blogspot.com/2009/10/west-gate-bridge-collapse-on-its-39th.html+cd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=us https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f4416355b6576128ede23ea6abd5452e-c?convert_to_webp=true Rubric rating submitted on: 12/21/2016, 12:20:28 PM by [emailprotected] 10 5 0 Title Page Your score: 5 x Present not done Table of Contents Your score: 5 x Present not done Abstract Your score: 10 Present not done Introduction Your score: 5 x Background Your score: 5 Present not done Investigation Your score: 5 Present not done Findings Your score: 5 Present not done Impact Your score: 5 Present not done Conclusion Your score: 5 x not done References Your score: 10 References included no references Notes Your score: 10 Notes recorded no notes 6 Content Pages Your score: filled 6 pages 3 content pages no contents pages

Gatsbys Over-zealous Appoach to Life in the Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Nick Carroway is not a very judgmental person, in fact, he himself states that he withholds judgment so that he can get the entire story out of the person to whom he is listening. To say that Nick is both approving and disapproving is not suspiring, for Nick rarely looks at things from only one perspective. Nick finds Gatsby to be ignorantly honest, in that Gatsby could not fathom the idea of saying something without really meaning it. He respects Gatsby for his determination to fit in with the East Egg crowd, though Gatsby does not realize that he does not really fit in with them. On the other hand, Nick sees Gatsby to be excessively flashy and, in the words of Holden Caulfield, 'phony.' Gatsby's whole life is a lie from the moment he left behind the name James Gatz and became Jay Gatsby. Gatsby lies about his past to try to have people perceive him as an 'old money' guy when that really is not necessary. Gatsby's valiant efforts to lure Daisy are respectable, yet they show Gatsby's failure to accept reality and give up on his long lost dream. Gatsby is one of the most determined and organized characters in the book. When Mr. Gatz shows Nick the schedule from Gatsby?s childhood, Nick realizes how even though Gatsby?s history changed, Gatsby was always a very goal oriented person. Once Gatsby set his mind to something, he would do anything to follow through with his over-all goal. For the main portion of the novel, the goal that Gatsby has is Daisy. Gatsby becomes determined to get her in anyway he can. Nick respects that Gatsby still has love for Daisy after all of the years apart, even after she married Tom when she promised to wait for Gatsby when he came out of the army. Gatsby?s trait of following through on something is very admirable and is a quality that many characters in the novel greatly lack. Gatsby has a heart and is true to it, whilst Daisy, Tom, and other characters are bullish and inhuman, running over people and then hiding behind their money. Gatsby is true honest and determined and Nick truly res pects Gatsby for these traits. Gatsby?s life from the day he created the name ?Jay Gatsby? and left behind his past and the name ?

Obesity in Black American Women Essay

Culture, Biology and Lifestyle Cause Forty Nine Percent of Black American Women to be Obese Abstract. Obesity is a major factor in health today. Certain ethnic groups and genders suffer from obesity more than others. Around 49% of all Black American women are classified obese today. There are many reasons for this. But the three the Black American women are susceptible to are culture, lifestyle and biology. Forty nine percent of Black American women are obese. This is an over representation compared to 38% of Latina women and 33% of non-Hispanic white women. (Phelan, Johnson, Wesley). Many factors determine a person’s weight and health status. Economics, lifestyle, diet, culture, biology and society all affect a person’s body size and composition. Culture, biology and lifestyle have the largest impact on why Black American women are obese. Health, economic and societal implications of obesity are overwhelming and affect every person in this country. The medical community defines obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is simply a comparison of weight to height. The actual formula is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. A BMI of greater than 25 but less than 30 is considered overweight and a BMI of greater than 40 is considered morbidly obese. BMI is a comparison of weight to height, not fat to height. BMI is a useful tool for most of the population, but does not work well for heavily muscled people, such as body builders. Fat is damaging to health. Muscle is not. The general population knows that obesity causes diabetes and heart problems. But obesity is much more severe than that. Obesity causes health problems that many find eye opening. Obesity causes hardening of the arteries, increased cholesterol and cardiac failure. In addition to damaging the heart and arteries obesity causes cancer. Twenty percent of all cancer related deaths in women are attributed to obesity (Dixon). Fifty percent of all Type II diabetes patients are obese. (Dixon). Obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease (Kogiso, Moriyoshi and Nagahara). Obesity causes many more not so well known, but still very concerning health issues. Thirty one percent of all arthritis patients are obese. (Dixon). Sixty three percent of women who suffer from osteoarthritis are obese (Dixon). Obese women show a 37% increased risk of depression (Stunkard). Obesity can cause infertility and pregnancy complications (Phelan, Edelman). It even can reduce the effectiveness of birth control. Obese people are three times more apt to suffer from sleep apnea (Visscher, Seidell). And for the real shocker, 300,000 deaths per year in the United States alone are attributed to obesity! Obesity is only second to smoking in preventable deaths per year in the US. (Visscher, Seidell). The reasons nearly half of all Black women in the US are obese are complex and many. We can point our finger at economics, lifestyle, society, biology, diet, culture. Culture, lifestyle and biology are the primary reasons 49% of Black women in the US are obese. Studies have shown that culture can have a profound effect on body size. Several studies have found that the Black American population has a preference for larger body size (Johnson). Portia Johnson, in her article, Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity in Black American Women, references a 2002 study that shows that African American men prefer African American women with a larger body size. The same author also cites a 2006 study that shows that African American women â€Å"describe a model of health that speaks to the Black women’s cultural belief that a larger body size is ideal† (Johnson). African women also have a preference for larger bodies. A 2006 study on ethnic Zulus, Zulu migrants to London, and Anglo Londoners show a preference for larger body size by the Zulu migrants and the ethnic Zulus (Brewis 88). Each participant in were shown gray scale images of women of known BMI. The participants were asked to choose which image represented the most healthy and attractive body. The Anglo Londoners chose a BMI size of 20, the ethnic Zulus chose BMI 26 and the migrant Zulus chose a BMI of 24. Dr. James Kirby and colleagues made the interesting discovery that simply living in a community with 25% or more non-Hispanic blacks increases ones propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Similarly Dr. Kirby discovered that living in a community of 25% or more Asians decreases a person’s propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Kirby surmises this is due to the availability of healthy food, parks, sidewalks and recreation facilities in each community. Kirby found that a predominance of black Americans live in communities with fewer recreational facilities, gyms, parks and fewer choices of healthy food than other ethnicities. The same study also found more fast food restaurants and convenience food stores in predominately black and Hispanic American communities. Perhaps the most convincing evidence is in the words of African American women. In her article ‘Voices from the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles’ Jill Rowe interviewed African American women on healthy lifestyles and food choices. One woman explains eating in African American culture as: It’s almost like every person in my family has something they cook real good and I don’t want to hurt anybody’s feelings. When you go to your mama’s house, I’ve always gone to the refrigerator. That’s how African Americans show their love. From the birthday parties, to when you have company. My family, when we’re happy we eat. When we’re sad, we eat. We eat when we’re married, we eat when we’re born, we eat when we die. It’s always, who’s bringing the fried chicken and pound cake. (Rowe) Culture can significantly affect a person’s weight. But we should also be aware that biology can affect weight too. Researchers have found that Black American women have a lower Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR). RMR is the rate at which energy (calories) are metabolized to keep organs functioning at rest. Black American women have a lower RMR than white or Hispanic women. This means they burn fewer calories throughout the day and function more efficiently than white Americans making it harder to lose weight (Johnson). A 1996 study found that the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of black American women was lower than for Caucasian American women. The researchers measured the REE of each participant and found that the Black women had a REE of 1790 calories per day at rest, while the Caucasian women had an REE of 1949 calories per day at rest. Simply put this means that Caucasian women burn, on average, 250 more calories per day at rest than Black American women do. This makes it harder for black women to lose weight (Johnson). Researchers have also discovered that Black Americans have an over expression of fatty acid transport protein. This means that more fat is delivered to fat storage cells making it easier for Black Americans to store fat than white Americans (Barakat). Researchers have measured and found more upper body fat in Black Women compared to white women. A larger below the skin level (subcutaneous) fat level was found in Black Women as compared to white American women (Conway). Diet and exercise are part of a persons’ lifestyle and both have a significant impact on weight and health. Several studies have proven that Black Americans eat more sweetened foods as compared to European Americans. Portia Johnson and colleagues cite a 2000 study on preference for sweet food amongst African Americans and European Americans. The study offered taste tests to each ethnic group and compared how each group responded to sweets. The researchers discovered that Black Americans ate more of the sweetened foods offered at various intervals during a taste test (Johnson). They conclude that African Americans could be using a sweetened food to compensate for greater perceived stress causing greater weight gain and obesity. Angelia Paschal and colleagues examined the results of a study on self-reported diet and exercise habits of African American men and women. They found that 55-75% of the women in their study rarely exercise. They also found that 76% of all participants did not eat the minimum daily requirements for fruit and less than half met the minimum requirements for vegetables. Not surprisingly this study reports that 62% of participants were diagnosed with hypertension and 14% were diagnosed with elevated blood sugar levels and/or diabetes (Paschal et al). A study that compared fitness of Latina American women to Black American women found similar results. â€Å"More than one-half of the women reported engaging in no regular physical activity. However, the substantial variability in the number of minutes exercised per week points to the need to investigate methods to enhance the duration of physical activity. † (Sanchez-Johnsen et al). Genesis, a church based health and fitness program aimed at Black Americans, found that many of the participants did not correlate obesity with poor health. The participants in Genesis completed a self-reported survey where only 16% indicated they were obese, but when clinically measured 87% were found to be overweight or obese. This indicates that participants failed to connect excess weight with medical risk, possibly due to cultural conditioning, personal denial or not associating body weight with health risk (Cowart et al). It is not all gloom and doom for women of color in the US. Culture, biology and lifestyle are all things that can be changed or at least worked with to lose weight and gain fitness. There are several programs in this country aimed at overall fitness for Black American women. The Genesis program has worked with black Americans through churches and found this combination very successful. Genesis provided health and diet education, exercise prescriptions and a motivation partner. Some of their successes include a 71% less soda consumption, fried meat consumption was reduced from 91% to 55%. The percent of respondents reporting no exercise at all went from 45% at the start of the program to 27% on the post pilot survey (Cowart et al). Just as diet, lifestyle and culture can be changed so can biology. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) can be raised by obtaining a leaner body mass as muscle is more active than fat. Withers and colleagues have proved this with a study conducted on 49-70 year old women. Their study has found that aerobic training in older women increases RMR. They compared active women to non-active women and found that the active women had a significantly higher RMR. Having a body composition of more lean mass to fat mass greatly has â€Å"implications for increased independence and improved quality of life. † (Withers et al). Black American women have special challenges and considerations in weight loss and fitness. They face a culture that encourages eating and appreciates large body size, a more efficient metabolic system that uses fewer calories at rest, a propensity for their bodies to store fat, and a lifestyle that makes diet and exercise difficult. Yet knowing these challenges is half the battle. With knowledge, the support of the community and their family, and commitment they can overcome these challenges and reach a goal of lifetime fitness and health. Works Cited Barakat, HA. â€Å"Obesity; Overexpression of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins May Contribute to Obesity in Black Women. † Science Letter. 7 Feb 2006. 1218. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Conway, Joan. â€Å"Ethnicity and Energy Stores†. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62. 5. Nov 1995. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Cowart, Luvenia. et al. â€Å"Designing and Pilot-Testing a Church-Based Community Program to Reduce Obesity among African Americans. † ABNF Journal. 21. 1. (2010). 4-10. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Dixon, John. â€Å"The Effect of Obesity on Health Outcomes. † Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol. 316. Issue 2. 25 Mar 10. 104-108. Endocrine Aspects of Obesity. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Edelman, Allison. â€Å"Special Feature: Do We Have a Problem? Obesity and Contraception. † OB GYN Clinical Alert. Dec 2011. n. pag. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Johnson, Portia; Yvonne Wesley. â€Å"Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity among Black Women. † ABNF Journal. 23. 3. (2012). 46-50. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kirby, James, et. al. â€Å"Race, Place, and Obesity: The Complex Relationships among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition, Individual Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity in the United States. † American Journal of Public Health. 102. 8. Aug 2012. 1572-1578. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kogiso, Tomomi. et al. â€Å"Clinical Significance with Fatty Liver Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. † Hepatology Research. Vol. 37. Issue 9. Sep 2007. 711-721. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Paschal, Angelia. et al. â€Å"Baseline Assessment of the Heath Status and Health Behaviors of African American Participating in the Activities for Life Program: A Community Based Health Intervention Program. † Journal of Community Health. 29. 4. Aug 2004. 305-318. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Phelan, Sharon. â€Å"Obesity in the American Population: Calories, Cost and Culture. † American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 203, Issue 6, Dec 2010. 522–524. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Rowe, Jill. â€Å"Voices From the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles. † Health Education and Behavior. Vol. 37. Dec 2010. 789-800. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Sanchez-Johnsen, Lisa. et al. â€Å"Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Obesity between Latin-American and Black Women. † Obesity Research. 12. 4. Apr 2004. 652-660. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Stunkard, Albert. â€Å"Depression and Obesity. † Biological Psychology. Vol. 54 Issue 3. 1 Aug 2003. 330-337. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Visscher, Tommy, Jacob Seidell. â€Å"The Public Health Impact of Obesity. † Annual Review of Public Health. (2001). 355-375. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Withers, RT. et al. â€Å"Energy Metabolism in Sedentary and Active 49- to 70-yr-old Women. † Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 84. Apr 1998. 1333-1340. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Bibliography Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Brewis’ book is a must read for anyone studying, researching or working in health, weight management or fitness. The author takes a look at obesity from an anthropologist’s standpoint. Where did obesity originate? How does if effect certain races/genders more than others? These are some of the questions answered. The author has lived in different cultures and worked with different ethnicities obtaining answers to some of the mysteries surrounding weight gain. She has uncovered reasons why obesity is prevalent in the United States and other countries. And discusses why some ethnicities are more vulnerable to weight gain after migrating to the United States or other developed nations. The author has studied the culture of the Pima Indians of both the US and Mexico and explains why obesity affects the US Pimas more than the Mexican Pimas. Brewis also explains why some ethnicities find larger body weigh acceptable and why some ethnicities have larger males than females and why they find this perfectly normal. Biagioli, Brian. Advanced Concepts of Personal Training. National Council on Strength and Fitness. (2007). Print. This book was by a medical doctor. This manual is applicable to anyone interested in learning more about physical fitness, nutrition, physiology, body composition and exercise mechanics. It is the National Council on Strength and Fitness’ guide for all their certified personal trainer candidates. The manual contains 540 pages with many illustrations explaining obesity, Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and physiology. This manual includes chapters on special populations such as women, children and special needs individuals. HBO The Weight of the Nation. HBO Documentary Films; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute of Health. Et al. Various actors/directors. (2007). DVD. This is a four part documentary on obesity in America. Each part is approximately one hour long. The parts consist of consequences, choices, children in crisis and challenges. The films explore why the United States is facing an obesity crisis, and what we can do about it now. Various health experts narrate the films. Interviews are conducted with a host of citizens dealing with obesity right now. They tell in their own words the challenges they face. There is significant commentary and interview on ethnicities, females, citizens living in inner cities and the issues surrounding obesity and weight gain. The Skinny on Obesity. Perf. Robert Lustig et al. UCTV Prime. 12 Apr. 2012. Web Video. This video series plays on UCSF Prime TV online. Dr. Robert Lustig is endocrine expert at the UCSF Children’s Hospital. This is a seven part series that tackles the basics of the obesity epidemic such as sugar, hormones, fast food, childhood obesity, and endocrine system. Each part is about 15 minutes long. Only a basic understanding of health and physiology is needed to fully understand concepts presented. Platkin, Charles. The Automatic Diet. New York. Penguin. 2005. Print. This book discusses how to slowly improve your diet over time with small changes. Dr. Platkin holds a master of public health and is one of the nation’s leading public health advocates. He writes The Diet Detective, a syndicated article that appears in hundreds of newspapers throughout the country. His book takes the reader through small steps of diet and lifestyle changes that together create a whole new diet makeover making healthful eating simple and thus ‘automatic’.

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is one of the best-known gases on the planet, largely because it is so important for our physical survival. It is a crucial part of Earths atmosphere and hydrosphere, its used for medical purposes, and it has a profound effect on plants, animals, and metals. Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is atomic number 8 with the element symbol O. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1773, but he did not publish his work immediately, so credit is often given to Joseph Priestly in 1774.  Here are 10 interesting facts about the element oxygen. Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration. Plant photosynthesis drives the oxygen cycle, maintaining it around 21% in air.  While the gas is essential for life, too much of it can be toxic or lethal. Symptoms of oxygen poisoning include vision loss, coughing, muscle twitching, and seizures.  At normal pressure, oxygen poisoning occurs when the gas exceeds 50%.Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.  Its usually purified by  fractional distillation of liquefied air, but the element is found in many compounds, such as water, silica, and carbon dioxide.Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue.  At lower temperatures and higher pressures, oxygen changes its appearance from blue monoclinic crystals to orange, red, black, and even a metallic appearance.Oxygen is a nonmetal.  It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile. The atoms readily gain electrons a nd form covalent chemical bonds. Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.  Atomic oxygen, which is also called singlet oxygen does occur in nature, although the ion readily bonds to other elements. Singlet oxygen may be found in the upper atmosphere. A single atom of oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2.Oxygen supports combustion.  However, it is not truly flammable!  It is considered an oxidizer. Bubbles of pure oxygen dont burn.Oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but doesnt retain permanent magnetism.Approximately 2/3 of the mass of the human body is oxygen. This makes it the most abundant element, by mass, in the body.  Much of that oxygen is part of water, H2O. Although there are more hydrogen atoms in the body than oxygen atoms, they account for significantly less mass. Oxygen is also the most abundant element in the Earths crust (about 47% by mass) and the third most common element in the Universe. As stars bu rn hydrogen and helium, oxygen becomes more abundant. Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red, green, and yellow-green colors of the aurora. Its the molecule of primary importance, as far as generating bright and colorful auroras.Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elements until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12. Oxygen made a good choice for the standard before much was known about isotopes because although there are 3 natural isotopes of oxygen, most of it is oxygen-16. This is why the atomic weight of oxygen (15.9994) is so close to 16. About 99.76% of oxygen is oxygen-16.

Stay on the Map with New Geopolitical Names

Stay on the Map with New Geopolitical Names Stay on the Map with New Geopolitical Names Stay on the Map with New Geopolitical Names By Mark Nichol I recently took a trip that encompassed layovers in Great Britain, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. And if you believe that, I’ve got a great deal for you on a bridge in Londinium. The truth is, none of the places I just mentioned exist not by that name, anyway, or not as political entities. Great Britain is the name of the island that constitutes most of what is properly known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually abbreviated to â€Å"the United Kingdom.† That nation consists of four other nations: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland (as well as many but not all of the small islands in the vicinity). If you refer to England, you should mean England no more, and no less. And though the citizens of England are the English, those of the United Kingdom are not; they’re British. (I’ll leave further details to the denizens of that fair country.) Czechoslovakia, with gratitude from our twisted tongues and fumbling fingers, divided itself peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia nearly twenty years ago, soon after the collapse of its Communist government. (The residents generally speak related but different languages, the geography of the two countries is distinct, and their religious habits and other cultural characteristics differ significantly.) Yugoslavia, an unfortunate agglomeration of Balkan nations that held together against all odds for much of the twentieth century, collapsed in acrimony at around the same time. The two remaining constituent states out of eight states and provinces briefly held on to the name but were soon known as the nation of Serbia and Montenegro; however, they separated in 2006. The former Soviet Union gave way in the 1990s to fifteen separate nations, including Russia (also known as the Russian Federation), requiring journalists to sometimes make a distinction between the nation of Georgia and the American state by that name, and releasing a bewildering array of multisyllabic monikers, many of them ending in -stan (Persian for â€Å"home of† or â€Å"place of†). Have you ever been to Bombay? It’s now formally known as Mumbai, a more accurate pronunciation of the native appellation. Rangoon, in Burma (oops I mean, Myanmar), is for the same reason now identified as Yangon. Farther north, Greenland is now Kalaallit Nunaat (the indigenous name), and Canada broke off a portion of the Northwest Territories to form Nunavut. What future changes can we expect? Belgium, for many years an uneasy union of the French-identified culture of the region of Wallonia (French: Wallonie) and the Dutch-identified culture of the area long known as Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen), is likely to cleave into those two entities. Many other new names may appear on maps in the near future based on nomenclature arising from shifting geopolitics. The ephemeral nature of geographical names makes the idea of printed atlases and such seem faintly ridiculous, because such publications are to some extent obsolete as soon as they’re produced. But don’t let that keep you from consulting with an authoritative resource before you refer in writing to a foreign locale. Your best bet, however, is an online source. Equally important, when you mention a place in a historical context, do use the appropriate name for example, â€Å"Great Britain† in a Revolutionary War novel, â€Å"Czechoslovakia† in an essay about the Prague Spring, or â€Å"Yugoslavia† in an article about that country’s charismatic dictator, Tito. In addition, phrases such as â€Å"in the former Soviet Union† or â€Å"part of what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire† help keep countries in their place. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of Phrases15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms40 Idioms with First

To Be or Not to Be Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

To Be or Not to Be - Research Paper Example However, if looked negatively, it would show that the individual is very hesitant and indecisive. Hesitance and thereby indecision is normally seen as a major weakness to translate one’s thoughts and plans into action and reality. Although this weakness of hesitance would create mental blocks, the thought process and plans could reach the logical conclusion, whatever are the repercussions. Likewise, the central character of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s Hamlet has the weaknesses of hesitance and indecision’s regarding his plans, however those weaknesses do not hamper the end result The story of Hamlet revolves around the theme of revenge. Prince Hamlet strives to avenge the murder of his father. Hamlet is a tragic hero because while trying to avenge the death of his father, fells into the ‘death trap’ himself. The ‘deathtrap’ is set by his uncle (father’s brother) and tragically all the main characters including Hamlet fall into the trap. When the play starts off in Elsinore in the kingdom of Denmark, King Hamlet (father) dies and so his brother Claudius becomes the king, even marrying the late king’s wife Gertrude. Hamlet is angered by his mother’s marriage to his uncle, Claudius within a short period of his father’s death. â€Å"Let me not think ont--Frailty, thy name is woman!-- A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followd my poor fathers body, Like Niobe, all tears†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that wants discourse of reason, Would have mournd longer--married with my uncle.† (Shakespeare 20 ). In all these palatial developments, logical heir and son of the late king, Hamlet with a lot of hesitance and indecision keep remaining as a mute spectator. The appearance of his father’s ghost and the revelation that his father was murdered by his uncle puts Hamlet in a position where he is unable to decide whether he should fight against the circumstances that life has put him in or just surrender before his fate.

A Moral Program for Myself as a Person and as a Professional Essay

A Moral Program for Myself as a Person and as a Professional - Essay Example Nevertheless, in order to attain this betterment, I need to come up with a moral program for my personal and professional lives. Whether it is applying the ethical principles of Aristotle, Kant and Mill, or combating moral illiteracy within my department, I plan to use my newfound information to its greatest potential. Therefore, this article first elucidates on the moral program that I would implement in my professional life as a nurse. Consequently, the second part is on a program fitted for my personal life as a single mother to a four-year-old child. Out of all the philosophers that we studied during the course, Aristotles virtue ethics is the most suitable theory for my profession. According to Solomon (1992), Aristotle believed that â€Å"virtuous acts required conscious choice and moral purpose or motivation† (p. 321). In this regard, this is the most crucial aspect that I must exemplify in my professional life as a nurse. Furthermore, the six dimensions of virtue ethics are community, excellence, role identity, holism, integrity and judgment are crucial for an exemplary career as a nurse. According to Solomon (1992), Aristotles virtue ethics has its foundation â€Å"upon the character of a moral agent as a driving force for ethical behavior† (p. 326). As registered nurses, we have a code of ethics, which are similar to Aristotles virtue ethics. From a general point of view, the nursing code of ethics calls for a nurse to practice with sympathy and reverence for the natural dignity, value and distinctiveness of every human being (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2011, p. 3). In this regard, I need to engage Aristotle’s virtue ethics as a nurse in order to practice compassion and respect my patients. In addition, ANA (2011) notes that the second provision in this code of ethics provides that â€Å"the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, and not to the company or hospital,

Sports fitness centre in Mayfair London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports fitness centre in Mayfair London - Essay Example 2. Situation Analysis Overall wellbeing and health fitness has become a major concern in every society. There has been an increase in the number of people becoming obese and overweight. More than half of London adults do not engage in any form of sport or fitness program. To achieve a healthy weight the Mayor of London proposes to work closely with and encourage a wide range of people to become physically active and eat healthy (Johnson, 2011). Other measures include making sport and active recreation opportunities affordable, in addition to supporting workplace health programmes. London faces a significant shortage of sporting facilities in respect to the demand. 3. Target Market Analysis Britain is in the grip of obesity epidemic (This is London, 2011). According to experts by 2050 at least 60 percent of the population will be obese (London Assembly, 2010). The target market is the young adults and the adults of both sexes. According to a study by the London-based International Obesity Taskforce that 28 per cent of boys and 36 per cent of girls in the UK are now overweight or obese (Dobson, 2006). A UK government report estimated that by 2010 12 million adults and 1 million children in England will be obese (Medical News Today, 2006). Less physically active and eating more junk food is adding to the problems. Thus, the target market for the fitness centre would be the age group 16-40 of both sexes. 4. Problems and Opportunities The people of Mayfair would not be aware of the Fitness Centre yet to open. People could be apprehensive of the quality of service, equipments and coaches. However, since the demand exceeds supply, the opportunity could be used to penetrate the market with the right strategy. The government is also supporting fitness initiatives and obesity is at an all time high. 5. Marketing strategy Customers seek value for money and hence the fitness centre should understand the services it can extend in exchange for money while knowing the target audience to whom the services are directed. The objective is market penetration in the initial stages. Knowing the target audience will enable to include the essential features at the fitness centre. The core strengths of the fitness centre need to be communicated effectively. The marketing strategy for ABC Sports fitness centre would take into account various factors in devising the marketing strategy. 5.1 Product Positioning The leisure industry is a high-growth area which includes health, fitness, sports and recreation facilities. This sector contributes 13.5% towards the total employment in the United Kingdom. There are two reasons for the growth of the sector. There has been the increase in the consciousness to keep fi t as health concerns have risen, which has hiked the demand for better facilities and spaces for exercise (20th Century London, 2010). In addition, sedentary lifestyle has urged people to look for convenient places to exercise. Thus, Sports Fitness Centre, Mayfair London, should position itself as a Fitness and Health Club. 5.2 Marketing mix To develop the marketing strategy the essential of the marketing mix have to be evaluated. Product mix The product should satisfy a need or a want. The need at this moment is healthy living. Healthy living can be achieved through different activities